Abstract
Background: Linguists first coined the term anxiety in the 1600s to define a state of severe restlessness
and worry. When we look at the Turkish dictionaries and printed sources, we see that the definition of
anxiety is made simply as anxiety, fear, and worry. Anxiety; which we can describe as a mental and
physical reaction, a defense strategy, against an event or fear. It will threaten the survival of the life; it is
seen in two ways as situational anxiety and trait anxiety. Situational anxiety, as the name suggests, arises
when faced with a threat or stress factor, while trait anxiety is an anxiety that occurs internally, independent
of the event or situation. Aims and Objectives: For the continuity of one’s cognitive and behavioral
abilities, not only anxiety but also the perception of time has a great place in the continuity of life. The
findings that help us understand one’s time perspective are internal clock models and related mechanisms.
This study aims to investigate the effect of anxiety on time perspective. Materials and Methods: To this
end, the Beck Anxiety Scale, the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, and the demographic information
form were used to collect data. Data were collected from a total of 168 participants, 44 females and
124 males. Results and Conclusion: When the findings are evaluated in general terms, there was a
moderately negative relationship between anxiety and past positive perspective and a moderately positive
relationship between past negative perspective. Based on this result, anxiety prevents a positive perception
of the past; on the contrary, it can be said that it causes a negative perception of the past.

The anxiety level of an athlete is important. The serotonin transporter protein is encoded by the SLC6A4 gene. Serotonin is one of the most important members of anxiety metabolism. Serotonin transporter protein plays a role in bringing serotonin back from the synaptic space to the presynaptic neuron. We aimed to determine the genotype and allele distributions of the SLC6A4 promoter L/S polymorphism in football players and compare it with the control group. For this purpose, 20 football players participated in our study. Genotyping was performed by PCR after DNAs were isolated from buccal epithelial cells. When we examined the genotype distributions, the LL, LS and SS were found as 4 (20%), 8 (40%) and 8 (40%), respectively. In the control group, the same genotype number and percentages were determined as 10 (23%), 25 (57%) and 9 (20%), respectively. In terms of genotype distribution, no statistically significant significance was found between the two groups (p = 0.2493). When allelic distributions were examined in the athlete group, the L allele was counted as 16 (40%) and the S allele as 24 (60%). In the control group, the L allele 45 (51%) and the S allele were counted as 43 (49%). When the two groups were compared statistically in terms of allelic distribution, no statistically significant difference was found (p = 0.2423). As a result, LS and SS genotype were co-dominant and at the same time higher than LL genotype. At the same time, when we compared the S allele with the L allele, it was found that the S allele was more in percentage. Studies have found that the S allele is associated with anxiety. Sports psychologist can support athletes with S allele who are prone to anxiety problems. This is the first study to report that S allele is more common than L allele in Turkish football players.

Günümüze kadar yapılmış olan araştırmalar, sporcuların genetik yapılarının atletik performanslarına olan katkılarını göstermiştir. Bu çalışmalar ile bilişsel yeteneklerin sporcuların atletik performanslarına etkilediğini ortaya koymasına rağmen, bilişsel yetenekler ve atletik performans ilişkisini ortaya koyan yeteri kadar genetik çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmamızda, beyin dopaminerjik sistemine ve atletik performansı üzerinde etkili olduğu bilinen dopamin reseptörü 2 rs1800497 polimorfizmini voleybol ve vücut geliştiricilerdeki bağlantısını araştırmayı amaçladık. Bu bağlamda, araştırmaya 9 kadın voleybolcu ve 15 aktif vücut geliştiricisi katılmıştır. Genotipleme için gerçek zamanlı PCR metodolojisi kullanılmıştır. Vücut geliştiricilerde A1A1, A1A2 ve A2A2 genotip ve frekansları sırasıyla 2 (13%), 1 (7%) ve12 (80%) olarak bulunmuştur. Çalışma grubumuzda ki tüm voleybol oyuncuları A2A2 genotipinde bulunmuştur. Çalışma grubumuzda bağımlılık ile ilişkili A1 allelinin voleybolcular ve vücut geliştiricilerinde daha az bulunduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Elde ettiğimiz sonuçlar, bizlere bilişsel sistemin atletik performans üzerine etkisinin poligenik veya multifaktöryel mekanizma ile açıklanabileceğini göstermiştir.