Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a serious public health problem in our country
in the world and has serious effects on the central and peripheral nervous system. HIV‑associated
dementia (HAD), which may develop due to HIV infection, causes subcortical dementia that can
progress with marked slowdown in reaction time and psychomotor speed, impaired cognitive
flexibility, emotional lability, and apathy. Neurocognitive tests are the most appropriate tools for the
neurocognitive assessment and staging of the disease. In this context, the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive
Examinations Revised (ACE‑R) test may be preferred in the neurocognitive evaluation of patients
considered to have HAD, in terms of its repeatability and easy applicability, as it allows us to
evaluate many neurocognitive functions in detail.

COVID‑19 infection can cause neurological manifestations as early and late complications (chronic
COVID syndrome). These include headache, dizziness, confusion, acute cerebrovascular problems,
ataxia, and seizures. COVID‑19‑related encephalopathy, encephalitis, and parkinsonism have been
reported earlier; however, the possible links and pathophysiological mechanisms are unclear. In this
report, we report a series of patients (n = 5) presenting with acute severe neurological syndromes
such as parkinsonism, focal status epilepticus, or acute ataxia as a part of long‑hauler COVID‑19
infection. We categorized the clinico-radiological and electroencephalographic features in our cases to
understand the clinical patterns in SARS-CoV-2 related brain cortex involvement. This might help
in future for better clinical categorization for these COVID‑19‑related neurological manifestations.