Unmada (is a broad term which includes various psychiatric conditions) is characterized by deranged mental functions. ‘Bhutonmada’ (psychiatric conditions of idiopathic nature) is a type of unmada caused by affliction of ‘bhuta’ / ‘graha’ (evil spirits or super natural powers). Kushmanda grahonmada (KG) is one among 18 types of bhutonmada. Till date there were no studies have been conducted on KG and the present study aims at better understanding of this condition (KG) along with its clinical utility. KG is characterized by various signs and symptoms like Bahu pralaapam (excessive talking / irrelevant speech / logorrhoea), Ugra vaakyam (verbal abuse / aggression / irritability), Vilambita gatim (slow movements / hypokinesia), Krishna vadanam (hyperpigmentation of face) and Shoona pralamba vrishanam (huge scrotal / testicular swelling). It is very difficult to understand KG based on these few lakshana’s (signs & symptoms) described in Ayurvedic texts. KG is a psychiatric condition associated with huge scrotal swelling. Various conditions like ‘Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes’ (PNS), ‘Testicular adrenal rest tumors’ (TART), Testicular cancer with brain metastasis’, ‘Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis’ (PLE), ‘Paraneoplastic cerebellar ataxia’ (PCA) and other scrotal swellings with psychiatric manifestations resembles with KG.

Nishaada grahonmada (NG) is one among 18 types of bhootonmada / grahonmada (psychiatric problems caused by the possession of evil spirits or super natural powers or extra terrestrial forces). Description of NG is found in ‘Ashtanga samgraha’ and ‘Ashtanga hridaya’ (Ayurvedic classical texts written by Vriddha Vagbhata and Vagbhata). In ‘Asthtanga samgraha’, ‘Kaakhorda grahonmada’ (KG) term is used synonymously for NG. The description of both NG and KG is similar. NG is characterized by Nagnam dhaavantam (nude or naked appearance / sexual disinhibition), gruheetva kaashta loshtaadi bhramantam (aggressiveness / restlessness / wandering / impulsivity / agitation), cheera vaasasam & trina vibhooshanam (inappropriate or bizarre clothing / disorganized behaviour), uthrasta drishtim (abnormal eye movements), parusha abhidaayinam (hostile speech / verbal aggression), smashaana shunya rathya nishevanam (staying alone / social isolation / staying at inappropriate places), tilaanna madya maamsa sakta drishtim (fond of sweets prepared with sesame, alcohol and meat) etc clinical features. Till date no studies have been conducted on NG and the concept as well as clinical application of NG is not clearly understood. The present study is focused to understand NG in a better way by correlating it with the modern psychiatric condition. Clinical features of NG shows similarity with various psychiatric / neuropsychiatric conditions like, BPSD (Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia), FTD (Frontotemporal dementia) and Hebephrenia.