Autism is a childhood neurodevelopmental disorder that affects 1–2 in 100 children, according to recent data on the broad array of autism spectrum disorders. It is a neurodevelopmental disorder, genetic and environmental factors playing role in autism. Molecular and mechanistic basis of autism started to be enlightened. As a genetic basis of disease, glutamate gene mechanisms supposed to develop a new method for diagnosing and treatment of autism. Aim of this mini-review is to gain a general knowledge about genetic and environmental reasons of autism.

The future of neuroscience needs an innovative outlook on the study of brain by scientists coming from various disciplines and traditions. The field of Mind, Brain, and Education (MBE) is a meeting point for researchers and scientists in psychology, biology, and education. Unlike the one-way information sharing from psychology to education as in educational psychology or from neuroscience to education as in educational neuroscience, MBE is credited with its two-way flow of information between the three fields. The transdisciplinary initiatives between neuroscience, psychology, and education, as in the case of MBE, offer an increased optimism not only for the treatment of biological and neurological diseases but also for the realization of optimal outcomes in effective learning and positive development.

Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental brain disease and a severe psychiatric disorder which is seen approximately in 1% of the society. About the half of the individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia have substance abuse story, and this rate is higher than the general population. Alcohol dependence, smoking and substance abuse has been reported very often in schizophrenia. Especially smoking rate is very high in patients with schizophrenia. The aim of this paper is to briefly review the literature related to the relationship between schizophrenia and nicotine-alcohol dependency.

Cerebellar mutism has been a well-known clinical entity that develops in a subset of patients who have undergone resection of posterior fossa tumors. It is characterized by severely diminished or absent speech output as well as other neurological, cognitive, and behavioral impairments. Though increasing numbers of case reports and literature reviews that indicate the cerebellar mutism, the mechanism of occurrence and best therapeutic approaches are not established. This article reviews current status of this devastating complication with respect to epidemiology, anatomical substrate, pathophysiology, risk factors, treatment options, prognosis and prevention.