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ARTICLES
Review Article
Animal Models of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder: A Critical Overview and Suggestions
Turkish Title : Animal Models of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder: A Critical Overview and Suggestions
Kocaturk Rumeysa Rabia,Ozcan Oznur Ozge,Karahan Mesut
JNBS, 2021, 8(1), p:1-16
Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorder that appears as a subset of attention deficit and different subspecies in which both occur together and is generally observed in childhood. Pharmacological agents such as atomoxetine and methylphenidate, which are widely used against the disease, appear with different and important side effects. Since the causes of the disease are not clearly understood, many studies are carried out on various animal models in order to both understand the etiology and develop new treatment models. In this review, a holistic approach to ADHD will be presented and advances in animal models, neuroimaging, neurodevelopmental, and neurochemical conditions will be presented using different perspectives. It is very important to understand how different animal models are effective in the development of pharmacological agents. In addition, comparing ADHD with different types of disease can detect similarities and further strengthen the etiological basis. Our major proposal is to draw attention to the further development of animal models related to the importance of the thalamus, which officially sees a filter of perception. Different animal models are needed to do all this because the disease is not fully modeled, except for the symptoms of ADHD. The current review will conclude that none of the currently discussed models meet all the necessary validation criteria, but that newly created genetic models, therapeutic strategies, and the disease mechanism may be radically important points.
Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorder that appears as a subset of attention deficit and different subspecies in which both occur together and is generally observed in childhood. Pharmacological agents such as atomoxetine and methylphenidate, which are widely used against the disease, appear with different and important side effects. Since the causes of the disease are not clearly understood, many studies are carried out on various animal models in order to both understand the etiology and develop new treatment models. In this review, a holistic approach to ADHD will be presented and advances in animal models, neuroimaging, neurodevelopmental, and neurochemical conditions will be presented using different perspectives. It is very important to understand how different animal models are effective in the development of pharmacological agents. In addition, comparing ADHD with different types of disease can detect similarities and further strengthen the etiological basis. Our major proposal is to draw attention to the further development of animal models related to the importance of the thalamus, which officially sees a filter of perception. Different animal models are needed to do all this because the disease is not fully modeled, except for the symptoms of ADHD. The current review will conclude that none of the currently discussed models meet all the necessary validation criteria, but that newly created genetic models, therapeutic strategies, and the disease mechanism may be radically important points.
Review Article
Update on Promising Biomarkers for Multiple Sclerosis
Turkish Title : Update on Promising Biomarkers for Multiple Sclerosis
Faizan Ahmad,Upasana Pathak,Aphichandan Das,Anusri Dhar
JNBS, 2021, 8(1), p:17-21
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease, in which there is chronic inflammation leading to neurodegeneration and demyelination. To detect MS at an early stage is impossible as it includes environmental factors and genetic factors as it varies from person to person. There are various methodologies that have been developed for the treatment of this disease; however, several complications as well as obstacles have been seen which are yet to be resolved. This review describes the biomarker for MS including microRNA and vaccine as a biomarker. Some of the drugs which are under phase II clinical trials are also discussed here. Testing and continuous validation is required for improvement where MS biomarkers are brought into clinical settings.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease, in which there is chronic inflammation leading to neurodegeneration and demyelination. To detect MS at an early stage is impossible as it includes environmental factors and genetic factors as it varies from person to person. There are various methodologies that have been developed for the treatment of this disease; however, several complications as well as obstacles have been seen which are yet to be resolved. This review describes the biomarker for MS including microRNA and vaccine as a biomarker. Some of the drugs which are under phase II clinical trials are also discussed here. Testing and continuous validation is required for improvement where MS biomarkers are brought into clinical settings.
Review Article
DRUG INTERACTIONS BETWEEN COVID-19 AND PSYCHIATRIC MEDICATIONS: A MINI REVIEW
Turkish Title : DRUG INTERACTIONS BETWEEN COVID-19 AND PSYCHIATRIC MEDICATIONS: A MINI REVIEW
İz Filiz,Kulacaoglu Filiz
JNBS, 2020, 7(3), p:101-105
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic with 8.708.000 confirmed cases and, 461.715 death in the world until 21 June 2020. The SARS-CoV-2 virus which is an enveloped and single-stranded RNA virus belonging to Coronaviridea family causes multiple organ systems diseases such as respiratory, gastrointestinal, hepatic and neurological tracts in humans and, animals. With the rapid and global spread of COVID-19, the scientific authorities have developed treatment algorithms for COVID-19. Besides the supportive care, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, favipiravir, tocilizumab, azithromycin, vitamin C, Convalescent plasma therapy are frequently used off-label to treat COVID-19. For severe COVID-19 cases, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) Remdesivir, which is the first drug to earn the title. COVID-19 treatment may cause many side effects and drug interactions. Psychiatric diseases are also chronic diseases and psychiatric drugs may have severe interactions with COVID-19 medications. Drug interactions with psychiatric medication and neuropsychiatric side effects should be considered within the action mechanism of COVID-19 treatments. Thus, In this review, we aimed to elucidate the interactions of COVID-19 medications with the antidepressants, antipsychotics and, the other psychotropic drugs that have been frequently used in psychiatric diseases. Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, ribavirin, lopinavir/ritonavir have interactions with psychiatric medications such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, anticonvulsants and, anxiolytics in terms of QTc interval prolongation, hepatotoxicity, myelosuppression, increased or decreased concentration of medications. Remdesivir has lower interactions with most of the psychiatric drugs except St John’s Wort and some anticonvulsants. However, favipiravir is considered as the COVID-19 medication which has lower interaction and side effects in combination with psychiatric medication. The use of tocilizumab is also safe with most of the psychiatric drugs and has a positive effect on depressive symptoms, although there is a risk of hepatotoxicity.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic with 8.708.000 confirmed cases and, 461.715 death in the world until 21 June 2020. The SARS-CoV-2 virus which is an enveloped and single-stranded RNA virus belonging to Coronaviridea family causes multiple organ systems diseases such as respiratory, gastrointestinal, hepatic and neurological tracts in humans and, animals. With the rapid and global spread of COVID-19, the scientific authorities have developed treatment algorithms for COVID-19. Besides the supportive care, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, favipiravir, tocilizumab, azithromycin, vitamin C, Convalescent plasma therapy are frequently used off-label to treat COVID-19. For severe COVID-19 cases, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) Remdesivir, which is the first drug to earn the title. COVID-19 treatment may cause many side effects and drug interactions. Psychiatric diseases are also chronic diseases and psychiatric drugs may have severe interactions with COVID-19 medications. Drug interactions with psychiatric medication and neuropsychiatric side effects should be considered within the action mechanism of COVID-19 treatments. Thus, In this review, we aimed to elucidate the interactions of COVID-19 medications with the antidepressants, antipsychotics and, the other psychotropic drugs that have been frequently used in psychiatric diseases. Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, ribavirin, lopinavir/ritonavir have interactions with psychiatric medications such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, anticonvulsants and, anxiolytics in terms of QTc interval prolongation, hepatotoxicity, myelosuppression, increased or decreased concentration of medications. Remdesivir has lower interactions with most of the psychiatric drugs except St John’s Wort and some anticonvulsants. However, favipiravir is considered as the COVID-19 medication which has lower interaction and side effects in combination with psychiatric medication. The use of tocilizumab is also safe with most of the psychiatric drugs and has a positive effect on depressive symptoms, although there is a risk of hepatotoxicity.
Review Article
Investigating the neuroplastic effects of treatment methods applied in cerebral palsy
Turkish Title : Serebral palsi’de uygulanan tedavi yöntemlerinin nöroplastisite etkilerinin incelendiği çalışmalar
Karakuş Arzu Burcu,Metin Barış
JNBS, 2020, 7(2), p:90-97
Cerebral Palsy (SP), formed as a result of lesions in the developing brain, has been one of the main areas of interest in pediatric physiotherapy. There are many researches and reviews about the physical and social consequences of the therapy methods used in daily life. In this review, electronic databases were scanned in PUBMED and Web of Science to examine the publications investigating the neuroplastic effects that are the equivalent of the rehabilitation applied in the brain. In a limited number of publications about research on this subject, all of the results are evidence to prove that neuroplasticity developed as a result of rehabilitation. In this review, the methods used to measure neuroplasticity are briefly mentioned and it is aimed to shed more light on one of the subjects in need of investigation.
Gelişmekte olan beyindeki lezyonlar sonucu oluşan Serebral Palsi (SP), pediatrik fizyoterapinin ana ilgi alanlarından biri olmuştur. Uygulanan terapi yöntemlerinin günlük hayattaki bedensel ve sosyal sonuçlarını içeren pek çok araştırma ve derleme mevcuttur. Bu derlemede, uygulanan rehabilitasyonun beyinlerdeki karşılığı olan nöroplastik etkileri araştıran yayınları incelemek için elektronik veri tabanları PUBMED ve Web of Science içerisinde tarama yapılmıştır. Bu konudaki araştırmalarla ilgili ulaşılan sınırlı sayıdaki yayında, sonuçların hepsi rehabilitasyon sonucu nöroplastisitenin geliştiğini delillendirir niteliktedir. Bu derlemede, nöroplastisiteyi ölçmek için kullanılan yöntemlere de kısaca değinilmiş ve araştırılmaya muhtaç konulardan birine daha ışık tutmak hedeflenmiştir.
Review Article
Turkish Title : Egzersiz ve oksitosin
Aslan Kadir Sinan,Koç Halil İbrahim,Ulucan Korkut
JNBS, 2020, 7(1), p:42-45
Oxytocin, the first sequence of the peptide hormone was extracted and synthesized in addition to the importance of oxytocin as a hormone. It was synthesized for the first time in 1953 by Vinced du Vigneud, and in 1955 received the Nobel Prize. The effect of oxytocin on psychological disorders and behavior has been observed in many studies in humans and animals. In this review, the emotional commitment and behavioral role of oxytocin was examined and the effect of sport and exercise on these behaviors was investigated
Oksitosinin hormon olarak öneminin yanı sıra ilk sekansı çıkarılan ve sentezi yapılan peptid hormon olması dolayısıyla da 1950’lerden beridir üzerine çokça çalışılmış bir hormondur. 1953’de Vinced du Vigneud tarafından ilk defa sentez edilip 1955’de Nobel Ödülü almasını sağlamıştır. Oksitosinin psikolojik bozukluklar ve davranış üzerine etkisi insanlarda ve hayvanlarda yapılan birçok çalışma ile gözlemlenmiş olup, bu bozukluklardaki rolü üzerine halen araştırmalar yürütülmektedir. Bu derlemede oksitosinin duygu ve davranıştaki bağlanma rolü ele alınarak spor ve egzersizin bu davranışlara etkisi olup olmadığı incelenmiştir.
Review Article
Procrastination and academic procrastination
Turkish Title : Erteleme ve akademik erteleme
Neriman Hazal Söyleyen,Melisa Aksu,Gökben Hızlı Sayar
JNBS, 2019, 6(3), p:206-210
Procrastination is a concept that has been greatly evaluated, and has a quite wide place in literature. Procrastination is defined as to putt off intended tasks to another time. As for academic procrastination, it is a subfield of procrastination and is an important problem that affects individual’s academic achievement, interpersonal interaction. With the research, it is seen that the basis of academic procrastination is consisted of unrealistic thoughts regarding failure, and such situations as anxiety, perfectionism and failure in time management. In addition, it is seen that academic procrastination can be a behavioral reflection of several psychological disorders. In this respect, in the present study, definitions and theoretical approaches regarding procrastination, and types of procrastination are reviewed.
Erteleme, üzerinde çokça değerlendirme yapılmış, literatürde oldukça geniş bir yere sahip olan bir kavramdır. Yapılması planlanan iş ve görevlerin ileriki bir zamana bırakılması “erteleme” olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Akademik erteleme davranışı ise ertelemenin alt bir kavramıdır ve bireyin akademik başarısını, kişiler arası ilişkilerini etkileyen önemli bir problemdir. Araştırmalar, akademik ertelemenin temelinde başarısızlığa dair gerçekçi olmayan düşüncelerin, kaygı, mükemmeliyetçilik ve zaman yönetiminde başarısızlığın olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca akademik erteleme davranışının birçok ruhsal problemin davranışsal yansıması da olabileceği görülmüştür. Bu doğrultuda, bu çalışmada, ertelemeye ilişkin tanımlar ve farklı teorik yaklaşımlar, ertelemenin türleri ve literatür gözden geçirilmiştir.
Review Article
Turkish Title : Kişisel iyi oluş
Afra Yadigar Terzi,Melisa Aksu,Gökben Hızlı Sayar
JNBS, 2019, 6(3), p:211-218
It is often come across with the concept of personal well being in the studies within the scope of positive psychology. For years, personal well being had been defined as not to exist any defect in individuals’ lives, being healthy in general manner. With the recent conducted studies, it is demostrated that concept of personal well being is not limited only with this definition. As this concept has got wider, various theories have showed up. The main aim of this review is providing a general information regarding the concept of well being that develops by development of positive psychology, and to emphasize the factors that affect personal well being by reviewing its theoratical approaches.
Pozitif psikoloji kapsamında yapılan çalışmalarda kişisel iyi oluş kavramına sıkça rastlanmaktadır. Kişisel iyi oluş, yıllarca bireylerin yaşamlarında herhangi bir bozulma olmaması, genel anlamda sağlıklı olma durumu olarak tanımlanmıştır. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarla birlikte kişisel iyi oluş kavramının yalnızca bu tanımla sınırlı olmadığı ortaya konmuştur. Kişisel iyi oluş kavramının zenginleşmesiyle, kişisel iyi oluşa dair çeşitli kuramlar ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu yazının temel amacı pozitif psikolojinin gelişmesiyle birlikte gelişme gösteren kişisel iyi oluş kavramını tanıtmak, kişisel iyi oluş ile ilgili kuramsal yaklaşımları özetleyerek, buna etki eden faktörlerin üzerinde durmaktır.
Review Article
Role of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A gene in eating disorders
Turkish Title : Yeme bozukluklarında 5-hidroksitriptamin reseptör 2A geninin rolü
Can Akpınaroğlu,Canan Sercan,N. Sertaç Sırma,Korkut Ulucan
JNBS, 2019, 6(3), p:219-222
Aneroxia Nervosa (AN) and Blumia Nervosa (BN) are eating disorders with complex structures. These disorders, which have strong evidence of genetic linkage, are often accompanied by anxiety disorder, mood disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder and perfectionism. Recent studies investigate the biological origins of these disorders, rather than the familial inheritance. Eating disorders and anxiety disorders have several characteristics in common. Family and twin studies indicate the important role of 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT2A) Receptor 2A in AN and BN pathogenesis. Future studies in this field will indicate the importance of the serotonergic system and its biological markers in the treatment of these nutritional disorders. Predisposition and farmacogenetic studies with larger sample groups will produce more information about the receptor gene in nutritional disorders with more reliable arguments and will provide important information to physicians in terms of treatment approach.
Bu derlememizde beslenme bozuklukları altında yatan biyolojik nedenleri ve bu bozuklukların genetik altyapısını özetlemeyi amaçladık. Anoreksia Nervosa (AN) ve Blumia Nervosa (BN) karmaşık yapıları olan beslenme bozukluklarıdır. Genetik bağı olduğu konusunda güçlü bulgular olan bu bozukluklara çoğu zaman kaygı bozukluğu, duygudurum bozukluğu, obsesif kompülsif bozukluk ve mükemmeliyetçilik eşlik eder. Son dönem çalışmaları bu bozuklukların ailesel kalıtım yolu ile aktarılmasını araştırmak yerine biyolojik kökenlerini araştırmaktadır. Yeme bozuklukları ve kilo kaybı bozuklukları birbiri ile benzer özellikler göstermektedir. Ailelerle ve ikizlerle yapılan çalışmalarda 5-Hidroksittriptamin (5-HT2A) Reseptör 2A’nın AN ve BN patogenezindeki önemi belirtilmiştir. Gelecekte bu alanda yapılacak çalışmalar, serotonerjik sistemin ve bu sistemde rol alan biyolojik belirteçlerin, bu beslenme bozuklarının tedavisindeki önemini belirtecektir. Daha büyük hasta grupları ile yapılacak yatkınlık ve famakogenetik çalışmalar ile genin yeme bozukluklarındaki önemi daha sağlam kanıtlarla belirlenebilecek ve tedaviye yaklaşım açısından hekimlere önemli bilgiler sunacaktır.
Review Article
Relationship between cognitive style of 48-72 months old children and father involvement
Turkish Title : 48-72 aylık çocukların bilişsel stilleri ile baba katılımı arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi
Alper Çuhadaroğlu,Sırmahan Aydoğmuş
JNBS, 2019, 6(2), p:159-169
In this research the relationship between 48-72 months old children’s cognitive style and father’s involvement was investigated. The participants group consisted of 239 48-72 months old children studied in private and governmental kindergartens and their fathers. For 48-72 months old children’s cognitive style determination was used a Kansas Reflection-Impulsivity Scale for Preschoolers Form A (KRISP). For father’s involvement estimation was used father involvement scale (BAKÖ). The obtained data were analysed
by One-Way Anova Analysis, T-test and Post-Hoc Benferroni test. As a result of the research it is seen that there is a relation between 48-72 months old children’s cognitive style and father involvement.
Bu araştırmada, 48-72 aylık çocukların bilişsel stilleri ile baba katılımının birbiri ile ilişkili olup olmadığı incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, özel ve devlet okullarında eğitim gören 48-72 aylık 239 çocuk ve babaları oluşmaktadır. 48-72 aylık çocukların bilişsel stillerini belirlemek için Kansas Okul Öncesi Çocuklar için Düşünsellik-İçtepisellik Ölçeğinin-A Formu (KRISP -A) kullanılmıştır. Baba katılımı için ise Baba Katılım Ölçeği (BAKÖ) kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler ise Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi, TTesti ve Post-Hoc Benferroni Testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda 48-72 aylık çocukların bilişsel stilleri ile baba katılımı arasında anlamlı ilişkilere rastlanılmaktadır.
Review Article
Exposure with virtual reality use in acrophobia treatment
Turkish Title : Sanal gerçeklik ile maruz bırakmanın yükseklik korkusu tedavisinde kullanımı
Gökçe Vogt,Barış Metin
JNBS, 2019, 6(2), p:175-177
Acrophobia, is a psychological problem that is in the category of specific phobias, which leads to the deterioration of the functioning of the individual in business and social life. Exposure, which is one of the most basic techniques of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, is the most useful technique use in the treatment of acrophobia. This technique suggests that exposure to the feared subject and / or object of the person become more likely to control the anxiety as a result of the familiarization and extinction of the anxiety. This technique can be applied in three ways: In vitro, in vivo and virtual reality. The aim of this article is to provide information on the exposure with the virtual reality and to compile the researches on its effectiveness in acrophobia treatment.
Özgül fobiler kategorisinde yer alan ve kişinin iş ve sosyal hayatındaki işlevselliğinin bozulmasına yol açan psikolojik bir sorun olan akrofobi tedavisinde en yaygın gören tedavi olan Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapinin en temel tekniklerinden biri olan maruz bırakma sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Kişinin korktuğu durum ve/ya nesneye maruz bırakmanın, kaygı uyandıran nesne veya durumlara karşı alışma ve kaygıdaki sönmenin sonucunda bireylerin kaygılarını kontrol edebilir hale geleceğini ileri süren bu teknik; imgeleme (in vitro), in vivo ve sanal gerçeklik (SG) şeklinde uygulanabilmektedir. Bu makalenin amacı, sanal gerçeklik ile maruz bırakma tekniği ile ilgili bilgilendirme vermek ve akrofobi tedavisinde kullanımındaki etkililiğine dair yapılan araştırmaları derlemektir.
ISSN (Print) | 2149-1909 |
ISSN (Online) | 2148-4325 |
2020 Ağustos ayından itibaren yalnızca İngilizce yayın kabul edilmektedir.