This case report highlights the role of hyperglycaemia in a dissociative syndrome that may be overlooked by physicians, until it results in significant consequences. Traditionally dissociation is considered as an escape from overwhelming distress with partial or complete loss of control on voluntary actions or alienation of oneself or external world. Possible biological factors implicated in pathogenesis include reduced perfusion in inferior prefrontal and anterior temporal regions in the right hemisphere and abnormal functioning of the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal dysfunction, Glutamate/N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor, Serotonin (5-HT2a, 5-HT2c), Gama-Amino Butyric Acid (GABA), and Opioid receptors.

Repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation method that may be preferred as an augmentation strategy for psychiatric patients who may not have responded well enough to psychotropic drugs. In psychoses rTMS may act via changing cortical excitability, connectivity and plasticity. rTMS may induce transcallosal inhibition and antipsychotic drugs may extend the duration of this inhibition. We present a first episode psychosis patient initially unresponsive to antipsychotic treatment, in whom 20 sessions of right 1Hz rTMS augmentation resulted in clinical response and who remained in remission by the 8th month of treatment. We suggest that rTMS is a well-tolerated treatment that may not be reserved only for treatment resistant patients but may also be considered early on in the management of psychiatric disorders.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and represents the most common form of dementia, affecting over 46.9 million people worldwide. AD is characterized by the progressive loss of specific neurons in the brain, which leads to gradual loss of bodily functions, long term memory loss and eventually death. The pathology of AD remains elusive due to the lack of appropriate animal and/or in vitro models, which recapitulate the human AD. The induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells derived from patient's somatic cells and thus patient-specific and disease-specific iPS cells offer great potential in regenerative medicine, in drug discovery and modelling disease processes in vitro. Here we report the first generation of feeder-free iPS cells from Alzheimer's patients with an early onset of disease using a polycistronic lentiviral vector containing four pluripotent genes, Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and cMyc. These iPS cells are pluripotent as demonstrated by both the in vitro and in vivo assays i.e. stem cell surface markers, gene expressions and teratomas formation after injecting these cells into the SCID mice. These iPS cells from patients that are predisposed to Alzheimer's disease have been analyzed by using the microarray chip and the computation of data is assisting in developing the in vitro models for this disease and for future regenerative medicine. Genome-wide microarray analysis revealed that AD-iPS cells are similar to control iPS cells and hESC lines; however, eight candidate genes differentially expressed between familial iPS cells and sporadic iPS cells. Some Alzheimer’s specific genes and pathways were overrepresented in these cells hence in vitro disease modelling possible.

Gestational stress has been extensively studied in order to clarify its effects on behavioral and neurodevelopmental in both mother and offspring. Our study was deflected to investigate the pregestational psychological stress, the relationship between parameters of the immune system and the neurobehavioral changes (spatial memory).
The stress was applied in female albino wistar rats, were submitted to chronic restraint stress for 1h/day for 4 days a week during 5 weeks before gestation. The behavior of rats and offspring was assessed in the Morris water maze test and the immune system by measuring the plasma concentration of IgG, which are the only immunoglobulin able to cross the placenta. Our results showed a change in the concentration of IgG, immune system cells and disturbance of spatial memory (Morris water maze).

Wavelet theory is a widely used feature extraction method for raw electroencephalogram (EEG) signal processing. The nature of the EEG signal is non-stationary, therefore applying wavelet transform on EEG signals is a valuable process for extraction promising features. On the other hand, determining the proper wavelet family is a challenging step to get the best fitted features for high classification accuracy. In this paper, therefore, we focused on a comparative study of different Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) methods to find the most convenient wavelet function of wavelet families for a non-stationary EEG signal analysis to be used to classify mental tasks. For the classification process, four different mental tasks were selected to and we grouped each with another one to set dual tasked sets including all possible combinations. Feature extraction steps are performed using wavelet functions haar, coiflets (order 1), biorthogonal (order 6.8), reverse biorthogonal (order 6.8), daubechies (order 2) and, daubechies (order 4). Later, a specific feature reduction formula is applied to the extracted feature vector. Generated feature vector is then split into train and test data before the classification. Artificial neural network was used for classification of the extracted feature sets. From the result of the repeated analysis for each DWT methods, Coiflets performed relatively better compared to other wavelet families.

Chronic pain has various forms such as inflammatory pain, visceral pain, headache, disk-related pain, neuropathic pain, cancer pain. Although the biological basis of chronic pain is related to vulnerability, it continues with behavioral and psychological components. In the context of multimodal interventions, interventions other than systemic pharmacologic treatments for chronic pain are also present. Besides interventional approaches; there are several noninvasive options including cognitive behavioral therapy, biofeedback, relaxation therapy, physical therapy, thermal applications, spinal cord stimulation and transcutaneous electrical stimulation. The neuroscientific approach to pain can only be achieved by combining physical and mental components of the pain with neuroscience

In this paper, we tried to explain, what can eventually be the underlying mechanisms of ECT, TMS, tDCS and similar techniques. And tried to explain how, by making some slight changes in the use of the EMW (electromagnetically induced wave) devices, and by integrating them with psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies, we can either better understand their real effectiveness and, design better therapeutic strategies, and increase their positive results. So far, it seems that because of the implemented insufficient designs, either in evaluating the results or, in planning their applications, their positive effects, do not seem to be fully discovered yet

Mobile technologies are transforming our lives. Utilizing the mobile technologies in health care has developed into a new interdisciplinary field called mobile health (mHealth). Data about an individual's moods, cognitions, physical and social activities can be collected and can be used to track mental health of individuals, or make other predictions about their lifestyle such as eating habits and obesity. The smartphone accelerometers and GPS localization systems give information on the overall level of activity. The microphone is used for activity recognition, based on the sound sensed. The social interaction can be tracked by the log of calls, the number of people contacted. Voice analysis is a way of tracking the mood by analyzing the patient's speech during voice calls. The mental health professional must recognize the increasing availability of mobile phones however patient’s motivation to use the applications must also be taken into account. Mobile sensors can assist users to monitor their emotions and behaviors. Mobile technology has the potential to transform mental health care.

Psychiatric disorders are often reflected in physical symptoms. However, nearly all physical illnesses are accompanied by mental symptoms. Also, it is generally argued that mental function disorders and stress underlie the etiology of physical illnesses. Although modern science has defined in details all the functions of the body including the brain, some areas are not fully understood yet. Philosophical answers may shed light into those dark areas while trying to understand the entity and human.